Zonisamide

Ethenzamide: Ethenzamide (2-ethoxybenzamide) yog ib qho kev ua kom loog thiab tshuaj txaws uas siv los kho qhov kub taub hau, mob taub hau, thiab lwm yam mob me thiab mob. Nws tseem yog cov khoom siv rau hauv cov tshuaj txias thiab ntau yam tshuaj loog rau tshuaj. Nws yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tsis zoo hauv Nyij Pooj, feem ntau ua ke nrog caffeine thiab acetaminophen, qhov chaw nws tau muag rau kev siv suav nrog kev mob hniav, mob plab, mob taub hau, thiab kub cev.
Dipyrocetyl: Dipyrocetyl yog cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj uas siv los ua tshuaj pleev tshuaj thiab pleev tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Benorilate: Benorilate (INN), lossis benorylate , yog ester-txuas codrug ntawm cov tshuaj aspirin nrog paracetamol. Nws yog siv los ua tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev mob nkeeg. Hauv kev kho mob ntawm kub cev rau menyuam yaus, nws tau pom tias qis dua los ntawm paracetamol thiab cov tshuaj aspirin noj cais. Tsis tas li, vim tias nws hloov mus rau tshuaj aspirin, benorylate tsis pom zoo rau menyuam yaus vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog tus mob Reye syndrome.
Diflunisal: Diflunisal yog salicylic acid derivative nrog kev ua haujlwm analgesic thiab anti-inflammatory. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Merck Sharp & Dohme nyob rau xyoo 1971, raws li MK647, tom qab qhia cov lus cog tseg hauv txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb tau kawm ntau qhov muaj kuab tshuaj zoo ntxiv rau cov tshuaj aspirin. Nws yog thawj muag nyob rau hauv hom npe nrov Dolobid , kev lag luam los ntawm Merck & Co., tab sis cov qauv siv dav dav tam sim no muaj ntau dav. Nws tau muab faib ua tshuaj nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) thiab muaj nyob hauv 250 mg thiab 500 mg ntsiav tshuaj.
Potassium salicylate: Cov poov tshuaj salicylate yog cov ntsev ntsev ntawm salicylic acid.
Guacetisal: Guacetisal yog ib yam tshuaj uas tau siv los kho ua mob rau cov hlab ntsws. Chemically, nws yog ib qho ester tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov tshuaj aspirin thiab guaiacol.
Carbasalate calcium: Carbasalate calcium yog ib qho ua kom loog, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau platelet aggregation inhibitor. Nws yog chelate ntawm calcium acetylsalicylate thiab urea.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Phenazone: Phenazone yog tshuaj loog, tshuaj rau pob tshuaj tsis haum (NSAID) thiab tshuaj tua kabmob (antipyretic).
Metamizole: Metamizole , lossis dipyrone , yog cov tshuaj loog mob, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab ua npaws pab kom tus mob ua npaws kuj tseem muaj cov khoom ua rau lub zog tiv thaiv. Nws feem ntau yog muab los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Aminophenazone: Aminophenazone yog pyrazolone nrog cov kev ua kom loog, tiv thaiv, thiab yam muaj peev xwm tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm agranulocytosis. Qhov kev sim ua pa nrog 13 C -labeled aminopyrine tau siv los ua qhov tsis yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cytochrome P-450 cov kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv daim siab. Nws kuj yog siv hauv kev ntsuas tag nrho cov dej hauv lub cev tib neeg. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tau txwv nyob rau Fabkis, Thaib thiab Is Nrias teb.
Propyphenazone: Propyphenazone yog ib qho muab tso rau ntawm phenazone nrog qhov zoo ib yam li analgesic thiab antipyretic. Ameslikas patented hauv xyoo 1931, propyphenazone yog kev ua lag luam raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog paracetamol thiab caffeine rau kev kho mob ntawm kev mob taub hau thawj.
Nifenazone: Nifenazone yog ib qho tshuaj uas tau siv tshuaj pleev xim rau ntau tus mob rheumatic.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Paracetamol: Paracetamol , tseem hu ua acetaminophen , yog cov tshuaj siv rau kev kho mob ua npaws thiab mob me thiab mob me. Hauv kev ntsuas ib qho, paracetamol tsuas yog me ntsis txo lub cev kub; nws yog qhov qis dua rau ibuprofen hauv qhov kev hwm, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws siv rau kev ua npaws tsis meej. Paracetamol cuam tshuam ntau qhov mob ntawm mob taub hau heev tab sis tsuas yog mob taub hau me ntsis xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj aspirin / paracetamol / caffeine ua ke pab nrog ob qho kev mob thiab raug pom zoo ua kev kho thawj zaug rau lawv. Paracetamol ua tau zoo rau kev mob tom qab phais mob, tab sis nws qis dua rau ibuprofen. Paracetamol / ibuprofen ua ke muab ntau ntxiv ntawm potency thiab muaj qhov zoo rau ib qho tshuaj ib leeg. Qhov mob nyem paracetamol muab hauv osteoarthritis muaj me me thiab tsis txaus ntseeg txhua yam. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv nws txoj kev pom zoo rau kev siv txha nrawm qis, mob qog nqaij hlav thiab mob neuropathic yog qhov tsis txaus.
Phenacetin: Phenacetin yog cov tshuaj ua kom tsis txhob muaj mob thiab ua kom kub taub hau, uas tau siv dav tom qab nws cov lus qhia xyoo 1887. Nws tau thim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntsuab yog qhov txaus ntshai txij li xyoo 1970.
Bucetin: Bucetin yog ib qho tshuaj loog thiab tshuaj tua kabmob uas tsis muaj kev lag luam ntxiv lawm. Chemically, nws zoo ib yam li phenacetin nrog uas nws koom nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm carcinogenesis. Bucetin tau thim tawm ntawm kev siv xyoo 1986 vim yog lub raum toxicity zoo.
Propacetamol: Propacetamol yog ib daim ntawv prodrug ntawm paracetamol uas tau tsim los ntawm esterification ntawm paracetamol, thiab lub carboxylic acid diethylglycine. Qhov no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua nws ntau dej-soluble. Nws siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob tom qab thiab raug xa los ntawm IV Nws tau muab yog tias tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem noj tshuaj paracetamol thiab qhov ncauj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (NSAIDs) yog cov sib kis. Qhov pib ntawm analgesia los ntawm propacetamol nrawm dua li cov tshuaj paracetamol muab qhov ncauj.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Rimazolium: Rimazolium yog ib qho tsis-narcotic analgesic. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ua cov ntsev mesylate, rimazolium metilsufate .
Glafenine: Glafenine yog tshuaj nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID). Kev siv ntawm glafenine muaj tsawg vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm anaphylaxis thiab mob raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Floctafenine: Floctafenine yog tshuaj nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID).
Viminol: Viminol yog opioid analgesic tsim los ntawm pab neeg ntawm lub tuam txhab tshuaj Zambon hauv 1960s. Viminol ua raws cov qauv α-pyrryl-2-aminoethanol, tsis zoo li lwm chav kawm ntawm opioids.
Nefopam: Nefopam , muag nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj uas nrov npe Acupan ntawm lwm tus, yog ib qho kev coj ua hauv nruab nrab, tsis yog opioid tshuaj kho mob, uas feem ntau siv los kho mob me ntsis mus rau mob hnyav.
Flupirtine: Flupirtine yog ib qho aminopyridine uas ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus ua rau tsis yog opioid analgesic uas yog thaum xub thawj siv cov tshuaj pleev rau qhov mob thiab mob nyhav tab sis xyoo 2013 vim muaj teeb meem nrog daim siab mob, lub koom haum European Tshuaj Noj tau txwv nws qhov kev siv rau cov mob hnyav, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm ntau tshaj li ob lub lim tiam, thiab tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem siv lwm yam tshuaj pleev xim. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2018, kev tso cai muag khoom lag luam rau flupirtine tau raug tshem tawm raws li European Cov Chaw Ua Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Tshuaj raws li kev tshawb pom tias cov kev txwv tau qhia nyob rau xyoo 2013 tsis tau ua raws li kev coj ua, thiab cov neeg muaj mob rau daim siab tseem muaj xws li daim siab ua haujlwm.
Ziconotide: Ziconotide , tseem hu ua intrathecal ziconotide (ITZ) vim tias nws txoj kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm, yog tus neeg sawv cev atypical analgesic rau kev zam ntawm cov mob hnyav thiab mob nyhav. Los ntawm Conus magus , tus qwj cone, nws yog cov qauv hluavtaws ntawm of-conotoxin peptide. Nws yog 1,000 zaug li haib li morphine.
Methoxyflurane: Methoxyflurane , muag nyob hauv hom tshuaj npe Penthrox ntawm lwm tus, yog ib qho kev nqus tshuaj siv feem ntau los txo qhov mob tom qab raug mob. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau luv ntu mob los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho mob. Tshaj tawm ntawm qhov mob nyem tau nrawm nrawm thiab lub sijhawm luv luv. Kev siv tsuas yog pom zoo nrog kev saib xyuas mob ncaj qha.
Nabiximols: Nabiximols yog qhov tshwj xeeb Cannabis extract uas tau pom zoo rau xyoo 2010 yog cov tshuaj botanical hauv tebchaws Askiv txawm tias tsis muaj pov thawj qhov ua tau txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo qis spasticity. Nabiximols yog muag raws li lub qhov ncauj tshuaj txau txhawm rau txhawm rau txo kev mob neuropathic, mob leeg, txhawm rau hws, thiab lwm cov tsos mob ntawm ntau yam sclerosis; nws tau tsim los ntawm tuam txhab UK GW Pharmaceuticals. Hauv 2019 nws tau thov tias tom qab thov cov tshuaj tsuag, nabiximols raug ntxuav tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj los ntawm cov qaub ncaug thiab nqos mus rau hauv lub plab, nrog kev nqus tom qab los ntawm txoj hnyuv hauv plab. Nabiximols yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov qauv hauv kev sib xyaw, tsim qauv, thiab muab koob tshuaj. Nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb cannabinoid Cheebtsam yog cov cannabinoids: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) thiab cannabidiol (CBD). Txhua qhov tshuaj tsuag muab ib koob tshuaj 2.7 mg THC thiab 2.5 mg CBD.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Dihydroergotamine: Dihydroergotamine ( DHE ), muag nyob hauv cov npe lag luam DHE 45 thiab Migranal ntawm lwm tus, yog ergot alkaloid siv los kho mob migraines. Nws yog ib qho sib txuas ntawm ergotamine. Nws muab tshuaj ua qhov ntswg tshuaj txau lossis txhaj tshuaj thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li qhov ntawm sumatriptan. Xeev siab yog ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim.
Ergotamine: Ergotamine , muag nyob hauv qab hom tshuaj lag luam Cafergot thiab Ergomar ntawm lwm tus, yog ergopeptine thiab ib feem ntawm ergot tsev neeg ntawm alkaloids; nws yog cov yam ntxwv thiab biochemically hais txog ze rau ergoline. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws rau ntau cov neurotransmitters, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm lom raws li vasoconstrictor.
Methysergide: Methysergide , muag nyob rau hauv cov npe lag luam Deseril thiab Sansert , yog ib qho tshuaj monoaminergic ntawm cov tshuaj ergoline thiab lysergamide uas tau siv hauv cov prophylaxis thiab kho kev mob taub hau thiab pawg mob taub hau. Nws tau raug rho tawm los ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada vim muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
Lisuride: Lisuride , muag nyob rau hauv hom tshuaj npe Dopergin ntawm lwm tus, yog monoaminergic noj tshuaj ntawm chav kawm ergoline uas yog siv rau kev kho mob hauv Parkinson tus kab mob, mob taub hau, thiab qib siab ntawm prolactin. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Flumedroxone: Flumedroxone yog hom tshuaj steroidal progestogen ntawm 17α-hydroxyprogesterone pawg uas tsis tau muaj muag tawm. C17α acetate ester ntawm flumedroxone, flumedroxone acetate, tau ua lag luam raws li cov tshuaj antimigraine.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Sumatriptan: Sumatriptan , muag nyob rau hauv hom npe Imitrex ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho mob taub hau mob tob hau thiab pawg mob taub hau. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj, hauv qhov ntswg, lossis los txhaj rau hauv qab tawv nqaij. Cov teebmeem feem ntau tshwm sim hauv peb teev.
Naratriptan: Naratriptan (cov npe lag luam suav nrog Amerge ) yog cov tshuaj triptan ua lag luam los ntawm GlaxoSmithKline thiab yog siv rau kev kho mob taub hau mob taub hau. Nws yog xaiv 5-HT 1 receptor subtype agonist.
Zolmitriptan: Zolmitriptan , muag nyob rau hauv lub npe tshuaj Zomig ntawm lwm tus, yog triptan siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob hnyav ntawm mob taub hau tawm tsam nrog lossis tsis muaj aura thiab pawg mob taub hau. Nws yog xaiv xaiv serotonin receptor agonist ntawm 1B thiab 1D subtypes.
Rizatriptan: Rizatriptan , muag nyob rau hauv hom npe Maxalt nrog lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv rau kev kho mob taub hau mob taub hau. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
Almotriptan: Almotriptan yog cov tshuaj triptan tshawb pom thiab tsim los ntawm Almirall rau kho mob hnyav taub hau hnyav.
Eletriptan: Eletriptan , muag nyob rau hauv lub npe lag luam Relpax thiab siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm eletriptan hydrobromide, yog thib ob tiam triptan tshuaj npaj rau kev kho mob taub hau mob taub hau. Nws yog siv los ua tshuaj tua menyuam, thaiv kev tawm tsam mob taub hau uas twb tau ua lawm. Eletriptan yog kev ua lag luam thiab tsim los ntawm Pfizer Inc.
Frovatriptan: Frovatriptan , muag nyob hauv qab hom tshuaj muaj npe Frova , yog cov tshuaj triptan uas tsim los ntawm Vernalis rau kev kho mob taub hau thiab ua kom luv luv tiv thaiv kev coj khaub ncaws rau poj niam. Cov khoom lag luam tau ntawv tso cai rau Endo Cov Tshuaj nyob hauv North America thiab Menarini hauv Tebchaws Europe.
ATC code N02: ATC code N02 Analgesics yog kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, ib qho system ntawm cov lej alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N02 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Pizotifen: Pizotifen (INN) lossis pizotyline (USAN), lub npe lag luam Sandomigran , yog benzocycloheptene-based tshuaj siv ua tshuaj, feem ntau yog kev tiv thaiv kom txo tsawg zaus ntawm mob taub hau heev.
Clonidine: Clonidine , muag raws li hom tshuaj npe Catapres ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho ntshav siab, saib xyuas qhov tsis txaus siab hyperactivity tsis meej, tshem tawm yeeb tshuaj, menopausal flushing, raws plab, spasticity thiab qee yam mob mob. Nws yog siv los ntawm qhov ncauj, los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, lossis los ua tawv nqaij. Cov kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo li ib txwm muaj nyob hauv ib teev nrog kev cuam tshuam txog ntshav siab ntev txog li yim teev.
Iprazochrome: Iprazochrome yog tus neeg sawv cev antimigraine. Nws yog ib qho serotonin antagonist.
Dimetotiazine: Dimetotiazine (INN) yog ib qho tshuaj phenothiazine siv rau kev kho mob ntawm kev mob taub hau. Nws yog ib qho kev tawm tsam kev txhaum (serotonin antagonist) thiab keeb tiv thaiv (histamine antagonist).
Oxetorone: Oxetorone ( INN ), raws li oxetorone fumarate ( USAN ), yog serotonin antagonist, antihistamine, thiab alpha blocker siv los ua tshuaj antimigraine. Koom tes nrog hyperprolactinemia tau piav qhia thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem xav tias tsam.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Methylphenobarbital: Methylphenobarbital (INN), tseem hu ua mephobarbital thiab mephobarbitone (BAN), ua lag luam nyob hauv cov npe lag luam xws li Mebaral , Mephyltaletten , Phemiton , thiab Prominal , yog ib cov tshuaj uas yog barbiturate derivative thiab siv feem ntau ua tshuaj anticonvulsant, tab sis kuj siv sedative thiab anxiolytic. Nws yog N -methylated analogue ntawm phenobarbital thiab muaj cov cim zoo sib xws, cov nqi kho, thiab tiv taus siab ntev.
Phenobarbital: Phenobarbital , tseem hu ua phenobarbitone lossis phenobarb , lossis los ntawm cov lag luam npe Luminal , yog cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj barbiturate. Nws pom zoo los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (WHO) rau kev kho qee yam mob vwm ntawm kev tsim kev npau taws hauv cov tebchaws. Hauv kev tsim kho hauv ntiaj teb, feem ntau siv los kho mob nriaj tes hauv cov menyuam yaus, thaum lwm yam tshuaj feem ntau siv rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov laus. Tej zaum nws yuav siv tshuaj pleev, txhaj rau hauv cov leeg, lossis noj ntawm qhov ncauj. Daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem siv los kho mob raws li kev mob sib kis. Phenobarbital qee zaus siv los kho teeb meem tsaug zog, ntxhov siab, thiab thim tawm tshuaj thiab pab kho mob phais. Nws feem ntau pib ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau tsib feeb thaum siv cov tshuaj nruab nrab thiab ib nrab teev thaum tswj hwm los ntawm qhov ncauj. Nws cov teebmeem nyob ntev li ntawm plaub teev thiab ob hnub.
Primidone: Primidone , muag nyob hauv ntau hom tshuaj npe, yog cov tshuaj sib tw uas tau siv los kho qee qhov thiab ib nrab ntawm cov qaug dab peg, nrog rau kev tshee tseem ceeb. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
Barbexaclone: Barbexaclone ( Maliasin ) yog ntsev ua ke ntawm phenobarbital thiab levopropylhexedrine. Nws tau nkag rau xyoo 1983. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias ua haujlwm zoo li phenobarbital tab sis zoo dua lub siab; txawm li cas los xij, thaum xyoo 2004, cov "cov txiaj ntsig zoo" \ tseem tsis tau lees tias tsis pom zoo lossis tsis pom zoo hauv cov kev sim tswj hwm
Metharbital: Metharbital tau raug sau ua tswv yim xyoo 1905 los ntawm Emil Fischer ua haujlwm rau Merck. Nws tau ua lag luam raws li Gemonil los ntawm Abbott Laboratories. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob (barbiturate anticonvulsant), siv hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus mob vwm. Nws muaj cov khoom sib xws rau phenobarbital.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Ethotoin: Ethotoin yog cov tshuaj anticonvulsant siv los kho tus mob vwm. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj hydantoin, zoo ib yam li phenytoin.
Phenytoin: Phenytoin (PHT), muag nyob rau hauv lub hom lub npe Dilantin ntawm lwm tus neeg, yog ib tug anti-qaug dab peg tshuaj. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv tonic-clonic qaug dab peg thiab focal seizures, tab sis tsis tuaj tsis muaj mob chua leeg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, fosphenytoin, yog siv rau cov xwm txheej epilepticus uas tsis txhim kho nrog benzodiazepines. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau qee yam kev mob plawv hauv lub plawv lossis mob neuropathic. Nws tuaj yeem noj rau hauv qhov ncauj lossis ntawm qhov ncauj. Daim foos no feem ntau pib ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 30 feeb thiab pib siv tau 24 teev. Kev ntsuas ntshav tuaj yeem ntsuas tau los txiav txim siab kom tsim nyog.
Mephenytoin: Mephenytoin yog hydantoin, siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tau qhia txog kwv yees li 10 xyoo tom qab phenytoin, thaum xyoo 1940s. Cov metabolite tseem ceeb ntawm mephenytoin yog nirvanol (5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin), uas yog thawj hydantoin. Txawm li cas los xij, nirvanol yog qhov muaj kuab lom heev thiab mephenytoin tsuas yog txiav txim siab tom qab lwm yam tshuaj lom tsawg dua cov anticonvulsants tau ua tsis tiav. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov ntshav ploj tuag hauv 1% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Fosphenytoin: Fosphenytoin , tseem hu ua fosphenytoin sodium, thiab muag hauv qab cov tshuaj lag luam Cerebyx ntawm lwm tus, yog dej-soluble phenytoin prodrug uas tau tswj hwm dej kom xa phenytoin, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov tshuaj phenytoin. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob hnyav ntawm kev xwm txheej mob huam nkees (epilepticus).
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Paramethadione: Paramethadione yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob hauv oxazolidinedione chav kawm tsim los ntawm Illinois-based kws muag tshuaj Abbott Laboratories, thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Food and Drug Administration nyob rau xyoo 1949 rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem tawm, tseem hu ua qaug dab peg ib nrab.
Trimethadione: Trimethadione ( Tridione ) yog tshuaj oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. Nws yog feem ntau siv los kho mob ntsig txog qhov xwm txheej uas tiv taus lwm yam kev kho mob.
Ethadione: Ethadione yog ib qho tshuaj anticonvulsant hauv tsev neeg oxazolidinedione siv los kho mob qaug dab peg.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Ethosuximide: Ethosuximide , muag nyob hauv qab hom tshuaj Zarontin ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho mob qog ib ce . Nws kuj yuav raug siv los ntawm nws tus kheej los yog nrog lwm yam antiseizure tshuaj xws li valproic acid. Ethosuximide noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
Phensuximide: Phensuximide yog ib qho anticonvulsant nyob rau hauv lub succinimide chav kawm ntawv.
Mesuximide: Mesuximide yog ib qho tshuaj succinimide anticonvulsant. Nws raug muag raws li kev sib tw nrog kev sib tw los ntawm Pfizer hauv qab cov xwm txheej Petinutin (Switzerland) thiab Celontin . Kev siv tshuaj kho kom zoo ntawm methosuximide yog feem ntau vim nws qhov tshuaj pharmacologically nquag metabolite, N -desmethylmethosuximide, uas muaj lub sijhawm ntev dua ib nrab-lub neej thiab nce siab ntau dua plasma ntau dua li nws niam thiab txiv.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Clonazepam: Clonazepam , muag nyob hauv hom tshuaj Klonopin ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho mob nriaj muag, ceeb ntshai, kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev tsis tuaj ntawm lub npe hu ua akathisia. Nws yog qhov ua haujlwm tawm ntawm chav kawm benzodiazepine. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj. Cov txiaj ntsig pib hauv ib teev thiab kav ntev li ntawm rau thiab kaum ob teev.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Carbamazepine: Carbamazepine ( CBZ ), muag nyob rau hauv lub npe lag luam Tegretol ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj anticonvulsant siv feem ntau kho kev mob vwm thiab mob neuropathic. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv schizophrenia nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj noj thiab yog tus kab mob thib ob kab mob hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar. Carbamazepine zoo li ua haujlwm tau zoo li phenytoin thiab valproate rau focal thiab kev txiav txim siab dav dav. Nws tsis zoo rau qhov qhaj ntawv los yog mob leeg myoclonic.
Oxcarbazepine: Oxcarbazepine , muag nyob rau hauv cov npe lag luam Trileptal ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho kho mob vwm thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar. Rau qaug dab peg nws yog siv rau ob qho tib si focal seizures thiab generalized seizures. Nws twb tau muab siv ob qho tib si ib leeg thiab li add-on txoj kev kho nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj bipolar uas tsis muaj kev vam meej nrog rau lwm yam kev kho mob. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
Rufinamide: Rufinamide yog ib qho tshuaj anticonvulsant. Nws yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj thiab kev kho mob los kho Lennox – Gastaut syndrome thiab ntau lwm yam mob chua leeg. Rufinamide, triazole derivative, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2004 los ntawm Novartis Pharma, AG, thiab yog tsim los ntawm Eisai.
Eslicarbazepine acetate: Eslicarbazepine acetate ( ESL ), muag nyob hauv cov npe lag luam Aptiom thiab Zebinix ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj anticonvulsant pom zoo siv rau hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas raws li kev kho mob monotherapy lossis ntxiv kev kho mob rau qhov feem cuam mob qaug dab peg.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Valproate: Valproate ( VPA ) thiab nws cov valproic acid , sodium valproate , thiab valproate semisodium cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj feem ntau siv los kho kho kev puas hlwb thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar thiab tiv thaiv mob tob hau. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm qaug dab peg hauv cov neeg uas tsis tuaj, foob ib nrab, thiab chua leeg. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab intravenously los yog los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntev- thiab luv luv-kuj formulations.
Valpromide: Valpromide yog ib tug carboxamide derivative ntawm valproic acid siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm qaug dabpeg thiab ib co affective kev ntshawv siab. Nws yog sai metabolised (80%) rau valproic acid tab sis muaj anticonvulsant khoom nws tus kheej. Nws tuaj yeem ua cov plasma ntau dua ruaj khov dua li ntawm valproic acid los yog sodium valproate thiab tej zaum yuav ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv mob txeeb quav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ntau dua ib puas npaug ntau zog raws li lub zog ntawm daim siab microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Qhov no ua rau nws tsis sib xyaw nrog carbamazepine thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub peev xwm ntawm lub cev tshem tawm lwm cov co toxins. Valpromide tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thaum cev xeeb tub dua li valproic acid.
Aminobutyric acid: Aminobutyric acid yuav xa mus rau ib qho ntawm peb isomeric tshuaj sib txuas: acid-Aminobutyric acid (AABA) n acid-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) acid-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) \ n
Vigabatrin: Vigabatrin , lub npe tshuaj Sabril , yog ib hom tshuaj siv los kho mob vwm. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov muaj nqi tshuaj feem ntau hauv 2019.
Progabide: Progabide yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob (analogue) thiab tshaj tawm of-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uas siv rau kev kho mob vwm. Via hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv GABA, progabide ua raws li agonist ntawm GABA A , GABA B , thiab GABA A -ρ cov txais .
Tiagabine: Tiagabine yog ib qho tshuaj anticonvulsant uas ua los ntawm Cephalon uas yog siv los kho kho tus mob vwm. Cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lo npe coj los kho kev ntxhov siab thiab kev txhawj xeeb.
ATC code N03: ATC code N03 Antiepileptics yog kev kho cov tshuaj nruab nrab ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, lub kaw lus ntawm alphanumeric code tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg N03 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical N Cov kab mob tsis zoo .
Sultiame: Sultiame , tseem hu ua sulthiame , yog sulfonamide thiab inhibitor ntawm enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug anticonvulsant.
Phenacemide: Phenacemide , tseem hu ua phenylacetylurea , yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlab zis (acetylurea) chav kawm. Nws yog ib daim ntawv tso cai thiab lub nplhaib qhib cov tshuaj ntawm phenytoin, thiab yog yam ntxwv cuam tshuam nrog barbiturates thiab rau lwm cov hydantoins. Phenacemide tau qhia rau xyoo 1949 txog kev kho mob vwm, tab sis thaum kawg tau thim rov qab vim yog tshuaj lom.
Lamotrigine: Lamotrigine , muag raws li cov tshuaj lag luam lub npe Lamictal ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj anticonvulsant siv los kho kev mob vwm thiab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev mob tshwm sim hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar. Txog kev mob vwm, qhov no suav nrog kev foob, tonic-clonic qaug dab peg, thiab qaug dab peg hauv Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar, lamotrigine tsis tau pom tias yuav kho kev mob siab ntsws; tab sis rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar uas tam sim no tsis pom kev mob tshwm sim, nws zoo li yuav txo tau kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab tom ntej.
Felbamate: Felbamate yog ib qho anticonvulsant siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm qaug dab peg. Nws raug siv los kho mob qaug dab peg ib feem ntawm cov neeg laus thiab ib nrab thiab feem ntau qaug dab peg txuam nrog Lennox – Gastaut syndrome hauv cov menyuam yaus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntxiv ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav tuag txaus thiab / lossis daim siab ua haujlwm tsis pub muaj qhov txwv kev siv cov tshuaj rau cov mob loj dua puas hlwb.
Topiramate: Topiramate , muag nyob rau hauv hom tshuaj npe Topamax ntawm lwm tus, yog carbonic anhydrase inhibitor tshuaj siv los kho mob vwm thiab tiv thaiv kev mob taub hau. Nws kuj tau raug siv rau hauv cawv kev quav yeeb tshuaj. Rau qaug dab peg qhov no suav nrog kev kho mob dav dav lossis mob hauv siab. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj.
Gabapentin: Gabapentin, muag nyob rau hauv lub hom lub npe Neurontin ntawm lwm tus neeg, yog ib qho anticonvulsant tshuaj feem ntau siv los mus kho ib nrab qaug dab peg thiab neuropathic mob. Nws yog thawj cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob neuropathic mob los ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib, mob hlab hlwb tom qab, thiab mob hauv siab. Nws yog hauj sim zoo: li 30-40% ntawm cov muab gabapentin rau mob ntshav qab zib neuropathy lossis postherpetic neuralgia muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Pheneturide: Pheneturide , tseem hu ua phenylethylacetylurea , yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov chav tso zis. Conceptually, nws muaj peev xwm yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev raws li ib tug metabolic degradation khoom los ntawm phenobarbital. Nws yog tau hais tias yuav tsis muaj lawm thiab yog tam sim no tsuj tsawg siv. Nws yog lag luam muag hauv Tebchaws Europe, suav nrog Poland, Spain thiab United Kingdom. Pheneturide muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev ua yeeb yam anticonvulsant thiab toxicity tus txheeb ze rau phenacemide.
Levetiracetam: Levetiracetam , muag nyob rau hauv hom lag luam Keppra ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho mob vwm. Nws yog siv rau ib nrab-pib, myoclonic, los yog tonic-clonic qaug dab peg thiab yog coj los ntawm lub qhov ncauj raws li ib tug tam sim ntawd los yog ncua tso tawm formulation los yog los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Zonisamide: Zonisamide , muag nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tshuaj muaj npe cov cheeb tsam Zonegran , yog cov tshuaj siv los kho cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob vwm thiab Parkinson tus kab mob. Chemically nws yog sulfonamide. Nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug anticonvulsant siv feem ntau raws li ib tug adjunctive kev kho rau cov neeg laus nrog Parkinson tus kab mob, ib nrab-pib qaug dab peg; spileile spasm, hom mob sib chua leeg ntawm Lennox – Gastaut syndrome, myoclonic thiab generalized tonic chonic qaug dab peg. Txawm tias qhov no nws kuj yog tej zaum kuj siv tau raws li ib tug monotherapy rau ib nrab-pib qaug dab peg.