| 4 × 1500 metres relay: Qhov 4 x 1500 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 1500 metres lossis 3.75 ceg tawv ntawm tus qauv 400 meter taug. | |
| 4 × 1500 metres relay: Qhov 4 x 1500 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 1500 metres lossis 3.75 ceg tawv ntawm tus qauv 400 meter taug. | |
| 4×2: 4x2 yuav xa mus rau:
| |
| 4X2=8: 4X2 = 8 yog qib xya ntawm nkauj studio los ntawm South Kauslim suab paj nruag Psy. Daim album tau tso tawm digitally rau lub Tsib Hlis 10, 2017 los ntawm YG Kev Lom Zem. |  |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| Four-wheel drive: Plaub lub log tsav , kuj hu ua 4x4 lossis 4WD , hais txog lub tshuab muaj ob-txoj kab tsav tsheb uas muaj peev xwm muab lub zog loj rau txhua lub log ib txhij. Nws yuav tag nrho-sijhawm lossis rau-kev xav tau, thiab feem ntau txuas los ntawm kis hloov chaw muab cov khoom tso tawm ntxiv tsav ncej thiab, feem ntau, cov iav txuas ntxiv. |  |
| CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (season 5): Lub caij thib tsib ntawm CSI: Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tshaj tawm rau CBS thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 23, 2004 thiab xaus rau Tsib Hlis 19, 2005. Cov hnub qub koob yees duab William Petersen thiab Marg Helgenberger. |  |
| CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (season 5): Lub caij thib tsib ntawm CSI: Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tshaj tawm rau CBS thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 23, 2004 thiab xaus rau Tsib Hlis 19, 2005. Cov hnub qub koob yees duab William Petersen thiab Marg Helgenberger. | |
| Four by four (disambiguation): Plaub los ntawm plaub lossis 4x4 feem ntau yog hais txog lub plaub lub log ntawm lub log, lub tsheb uas muaj lub tsheb tsav uas tso cai rau tag nrho plaub lub log kom tau txais torque ib txhij los ntawm lub cav. | |
| 4×4 (disambiguation): 4x4 hais txog plaub lub log tsav. | |
| 4x4 Evo: 4x4 Evo yog cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim los ntawm Terminal Reality rau lub Windows, Macintosh, PlayStation 2 thiab Dreamcast platform. Nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub console ua si kom muaj cross-platform online ua si qhov twg Dreamcast, Macintosh thiab Windows version ntawm kev ua si tshwm sim online tib lub sijhawm. Qhov kev ua si tuaj yeem siv cov qauv duab tsim los ntawm cov neeg siv rub tawm rau hauv lub hard drive, zoo li Dreamcast VMU. Txhua version ntawm cov kev ua si zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab gameplay, txawm hais tias online system feature ib hom kev hloov kho kom haum rau cov neeg siv cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab siv nws online. Qhov kev ua si tseem nyob online-muaj peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab tshwj tsis yog PlayStation 2. Qhov no yog Terminal Reality tsuas yog qhov video tso tawm rau hauv Dreamcast. |  |
| 4x4 Evo 2: 4x4 Evo 2 , tseem hu ua 4x4 Evolution 2 , yog kev sib tw ua yeeb yaj kiab video tsim los ntawm Terminal Reality rau PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube thiab Microsoft Windows. Nws yog qhov sib tw rau 4x4 Evolution thiab nta cov tsheb thauj khoom ntau dua, thiab ntxiv kev sib tw ntau dua li thawj qhov kev ua si. |  |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. |  |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 x 400 metres relay at European Championships: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay tau suav nrog European Ncaws Pob Ncaws Pob Ncig txog txij xyoo 1934 hauv Turin rau cov txiv neej thiab txij li xyoo 1969 hauv Athens rau cov poj niam. Muaj 13 lub teb chaws uas tau yeej puav pheej, uas Aas Kiv yog lub teb chaws vam meej tshaj plaws, uas muaj 9 lub teb chaws thiab 18 lub puav pheej tag nrho. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay at the Olympics: 4 × 400 metres relay ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Kev Lom Zem Caij Ntuj Sov yog qhov kev taug qab ntev tshaj plaws uas muaj kev sib tw ua ntau yam ntawm ntau yam kis las. Tus txiv neej relay tau tam sim no ntawm Olympic li kev ua kis las txij li xyoo 1912 thiab poj niam txoj kev sib tw tau txuas ntxiv txij li xyoo 1972 Kev Sib Tw. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws 4 × 400 m relay haiv neeg qib siab. Thaum xyoo 1908 Qhov Kev Sib Tw Caij Ntuj Sov, ib qho kev qhia ua ntej rau qhov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim - 1600 m medley relay. Qhov kev tshwm sim no, nrog ob txhais ceg ntawm 200 m, ib qho ntawm 400 m, thiab zaum kawg ceg ntawm 800 m, yog thawj kev sib tw relay hauv keeb kwm Olympic. |  |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| Large format: Daim ntawv loj loj yog hais txog txhua yam qauv ntawm 9 × 12 cm lossis loj dua. Cov ntawv loj loj dua li "cov ntawv nruab nrab \", 6 × 6 cm lossis 6 × 9 cm loj ntawm Hasselblad, Mamiya, Rollei, Kowa, thiab Pentax koob yees duab, thiab ntau qhov loj dua li 24 × 36 mm (0.95 × 1.42 nti) thav duab ntawm 35 mm hom. |  |
| 4 × 800 metres relay: nTxawm 4 × 800 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 800 metres lossis 2 kis ntawm qhov ntsuas 400 meter khiav. | |
| 4 × 800 metres relay: nTxawm 4 × 800 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 800 metres lossis 2 kis ntawm qhov ntsuas 400 meter khiav. | |
| 4 × 800 metres relay: nTxawm 4 × 800 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 800 metres lossis 2 kis ntawm qhov ntsuas 400 meter khiav. | |
| 4 × mile relay: Qhov 4 × mais rov qab yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib leeg khiav ib mais lossis ib nyuag siab dua 4 kab ntawm qhov kev sib tw ntawm 400 meter. | |
| 4YOU Airlines: 4YOU Airlines yog Polish lub dav hlau los ntawm tus neeg ncig xyuas ncig xyuas Alfa Star. Thaum xub thawj nws ua haujlwm pabcuam thiab npaj tau hloov mus rau hauv tus neeg nqa khoom qis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov phiaj xwm no ua tsis tiav. | |
| 4½: 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 yog mini-album los ntawm Askiv tshuab raj Steven Wilson. Nws tau tso tawm 22 Lub Ib Hlis 2016. Nws tau sau cov nkauj uas tau sau thaum lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke rau Wilson ob qhov nkauj hauv ntej studio, The Raven Uas Tsis Kam Hu Nkauj thiab Tes. Tsis. Lwv. Cov. Txoj kev kaw yog qhov tshiab ntawm \ "Tsis txhob ntxub kuv \", thaum xub thawj sau los ntawm Porcupine Tree ntawm lub album Stupid npau suav , hu nkauj li duet nrog Israeli singer Ninet Tayeb. Lub npe 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 qhia tau hais tias tus EP ua lub luag haujlwm tso tawm nruab nrab ntawm Wilson thib plaub cov nkauj album . Tsis. Lwv. thiab nws thib tsib-tag nrho studio album Rau Lub Pob Txha . |  |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. |  |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. | |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. | |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. | |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. | |
| 4 × 100 metres relay at the Olympics: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Kev Lom Zem Caij Ntuj Sov yog qhov luv tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev sib tw uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov kev sib tw ntau yam. Tus txiv neej tus tso tawm tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv Olympic kev ua kis las txij li xyoo 1912 thiab cov poj niam cov kev sib tw tau txuas ntxiv txij li xyoo 1928 Olympic Games hauv Amsterdam. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws 4 × 100 m Relay haiv neeg qib siab. |  |
| 4 × 100 metres relay at the World Athletics Championships: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay ntawm Kev Sib Tw Ntiaj Teb hauv Kev Ncaws Pob tau muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam txij li kev tsim tsa thaum xyoo 1983. Nws yog lub npe thib ob uas muaj koob npe tshaj plaws hauv kev qhuab qhia tom qab 4 × 100 metres relay ntawm Olympic. Cov qauv kev sib tw feem ntau muaj ib txoj kev sib tw coj mus txog thaum kawg ntawm yim pawg. Raws li ntawm 2015, cov haiv neeg tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau cov kev sib tw dhau los ntawm yim qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sib tw IAAF World Relays yav dhau los, nrog rau cov pawg uas tseem tshuav los ntawm ntau qhov kev ib txwm muaj ntawm kev ua kom tau zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm sau npe. |  |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. | |
| 4 × 100 metres relay: Lub 4 × 100 metres relay lossis khiav khiav txuas yog ib qho kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv txoj kab hla ib ceg ntawm cov ciav uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw ua tiav 100 metres txhua qhov. Cov thawj cov neeg sib tw yuav tsum pib sib tw tib yam li rau tus neeg 400 m kev sib tw. Ib rab koob relay yog nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. Ua ntej xyoo 2018, lub npas neeg yuav tsum dhau mus dhau 20 m ntawm kev hloov chaw, ua ntej dhau los ntawm thaj chaw 10-teb nrawm. Nrog rau txoj cai pauv hloov tau zoo thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 2017 tias cheeb tsam tau hloov kho kom suav nrog thaj chaw nrawm raws li ib feem ntawm qhov chaw dhau, ua rau tag nrho cheeb tsam hauv 30 meters ntev. Tus khiav tawm tsis tuaj yeem kov tus pas ntaus kom txog thaum nws tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw, tus ntaus kis las tsis tuaj yeem kov tus neeg ntaus tau tom qab nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Thaj chaw feem ntau yog cim hauv cov xim daj, nquag siv cov kab, voos lossis chevrons. Thaum phau ntawv nyeem txoj cai hais qhia qhov tseeb chaw ntawm lub cim, xim thiab qauv tsuas yog "pom zoo \". Thaum feem ntau cov cuab yeej cuab tam txoj haujlwm tseem yuav muaj cov cim qub dua, txoj cai hloov pauv tseem siv cov cim uas twb muaj lawm. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tswj hwm lub cev tau txiav txim siab hloov txoj cai. | |
| 4 × 1500 metres relay: Qhov 4 x 1500 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 1500 metres lossis 3.75 ceg tawv ntawm tus qauv 400 meter taug. | |
| 4 × 1500 metres relay: Qhov 4 x 1500 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 1500 metres lossis 3.75 ceg tawv ntawm tus qauv 400 meter taug. | |
| 4 × 1500 metres relay: Qhov 4 x 1500 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 1500 metres lossis 3.75 ceg tawv ntawm tus qauv 400 meter taug. | |
| 4×2: 4x2 yuav xa mus rau:
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| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 200 metres relay: Qhov 4 × 200 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib qho tiav 200 meters lossis ib nrab ntawm ncej puab ntawm tus qauv taug kev 400 meter. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog lub ntiaj teb tsim nyog tau txais kev tshwm sim, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim tus qauv ntawm feem ntau sib ntsib, txawm hais tias qee pob muaj kev sib tw tas li coj qhov xwm txheej no ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay at the Olympics: 4 × 400 metres relay ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Kev Lom Zem Caij Ntuj Sov yog qhov kev taug qab ntev tshaj plaws uas muaj kev sib tw ua ntau yam ntawm ntau yam kis las. Tus txiv neej relay tau tam sim no ntawm Olympic li kev ua kis las txij li xyoo 1912 thiab poj niam txoj kev sib tw tau txuas ntxiv txij li xyoo 1972 Kev Sib Tw. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws 4 × 400 m relay haiv neeg qib siab. Thaum xyoo 1908 Qhov Kev Sib Tw Caij Ntuj Sov, ib qho kev qhia ua ntej rau qhov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim - 1600 m medley relay. Qhov kev tshwm sim no, nrog ob txhais ceg ntawm 200 m, ib qho ntawm 400 m, thiab zaum kawg ceg ntawm 800 m, yog thawj kev sib tw relay hauv keeb kwm Olympic. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay at the World Athletics Championships: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay ntawm Kev Sib Tw Ntiaj Teb hauv Kev Ncaws Pob tau muaj kev sib tw los ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam txij li kev tsim tsa thaum xyoo 1983. Cov kev sib tw muaj peb hom kev hais txog poj niam txiv neej: txiv neej, poj niam, thiab sib xyaw. Xyoo 2019 ntxiv ntxiv rau hauv kev sib tw sib xyaw. Cov hom ntawv siv ib pawg ntawm cov heats tsim nyog rau saum 8 rau hauv zaum kawg. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| 4 × 400 metres relay: Lub 4 × 400 metres relay lossis ntev xa mus yog kev sib tw kislas uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua qhov tiav 400 meters lossis ib ceg tawv. Nws yog kev lig kev cai dhau los kawg ntawm kev sib ntsib. Ntawm cov txheej xwm sab saum toj, thawj 500 metres yog khiav hauv kab khiav tsheb. Cov kab pib yog li staggered dhau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntawm ib tus neeg 400 meters kev sib tw; cov neeg khiav ces feem ntau khiav mus sab hauv txoj kev. Qhov ntev me ntsis 4 × 440 mev relay yog yav dhau los ua kev sib tw British thiab Asmeskas, kom txog thaum metrication tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1970. | |
| Large format: Daim ntawv loj loj yog hais txog txhua yam qauv ntawm 9 × 12 cm lossis loj dua. Cov ntawv loj loj dua li "cov ntawv nruab nrab \", 6 × 6 cm lossis 6 × 9 cm loj ntawm Hasselblad, Mamiya, Rollei, Kowa, thiab Pentax koob yees duab, thiab ntau qhov loj dua li 24 × 36 mm (0.95 × 1.42 nti) thav duab ntawm 35 mm hom. | |
| Large format: Daim ntawv loj loj yog hais txog txhua yam qauv ntawm 9 × 12 cm lossis loj dua. Cov ntawv loj loj dua li "cov ntawv nruab nrab \", 6 × 6 cm lossis 6 × 9 cm loj ntawm Hasselblad, Mamiya, Rollei, Kowa, thiab Pentax koob yees duab, thiab ntau qhov loj dua li 24 × 36 mm (0.95 × 1.42 nti) thav duab ntawm 35 mm hom. | |
| Large format: Daim ntawv loj loj yog hais txog txhua yam qauv ntawm 9 × 12 cm lossis loj dua. Cov ntawv loj loj dua li "cov ntawv nruab nrab \", 6 × 6 cm lossis 6 × 9 cm loj ntawm Hasselblad, Mamiya, Rollei, Kowa, thiab Pentax koob yees duab, thiab ntau qhov loj dua li 24 × 36 mm (0.95 × 1.42 nti) thav duab ntawm 35 mm hom. | |
| 4 × 800 metres relay: nTxawm 4 × 800 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 800 metres lossis 2 kis ntawm qhov ntsuas 400 meter khiav. | |
| 4 × 800 metres relay: nTxawm 4 × 800 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 800 metres lossis 2 kis ntawm qhov ntsuas 400 meter khiav. | |
| 4 × 800 metres relay: nTxawm 4 × 800 metres relay yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas txhua 800 metres lossis 2 kis ntawm qhov ntsuas 400 meter khiav. | |
| 4 × mile relay: Qhov 4 × mais rov qab yog qhov kev sib tw kislas uas pawg muaj plaub qhov kev sib tw uas ib leeg khiav ib mais lossis ib nyuag siab dua 4 kab ntawm qhov kev sib tw ntawm 400 meter. | |
| Bydgoszcz (parliamentary constituency): Bydgoszcz yog lub rooj sib tham hauv tuam tsev Polish hauv Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, uas xaiv kaum ob Cov Tswv Cuab ntawm Sejm. Lub cheeb tsam no muaj tus lej "4 \". Lub peev ntawm thaj tsam yog Bydgoszcz. |  |
| Four!: Plaub! yog xyoo 1958 album los ntawm Hampton Hawes, Ameslikas tso tawm ntawm Daim Ntawv Cuam Tshuam thiab rov tsim dua xyoo 1991 los ntawm Original Jazz Classics. |  |
| Group coded recording: n Hauv kev siv koos pis tawj, kev sau cia ua pab pawg los yog kev sau cia ua pawg ( GCR ) yog hais txog ntau qhov sib txawv tab sis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev tshaj lij rau cov xov xwm sib nqus. Thawj zaug, siv nyob rau hauv 6250 bpi sib nqus daim kab xev txij li xyoo 1973, yog qhov yuam kev-kho qhov sib txuam ua ke nrog kev sib tw khiav ntev (RLL) cov txheej txheem cim, uas zwm rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov lej qauv. Lwm tus yog qhov sib txawv ntawm mainframe hard disk raws li floppy disk encoding txoj kev siv nyob rau hauv qee cov microcomputers kom txog rau thaum 1980s lig. GCR yog daim qauv hloov ntawm NRZI code, tab sis tsim nyog nrog kev hloov pauv ntau dua. | |
| Group coded recording: n Hauv kev siv koos pis tawj, kev sau cia ua pab pawg los yog kev sau cia ua pawg ( GCR ) yog hais txog ntau qhov sib txawv tab sis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev tshaj lij rau cov xov xwm sib nqus. Thawj zaug, siv nyob rau hauv 6250 bpi sib nqus daim kab xev txij li xyoo 1973, yog qhov yuam kev-kho qhov sib txuam ua ke nrog kev sib tw khiav ntev (RLL) cov txheej txheem cim, uas zwm rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov lej qauv. Lwm tus yog qhov sib txawv ntawm mainframe hard disk raws li floppy disk encoding txoj kev siv nyob rau hauv qee cov microcomputers kom txog rau thaum 1980s lig. GCR yog daim qauv hloov ntawm NRZI code, tab sis tsim nyog nrog kev hloov pauv ntau dua. | |
| Eight-foot pitch: Ib qho khoom nruab nrog, los yog txoj hlua ntawm harpsichord, tsim los ua yim txhais taw suab (8 ') yog lub suab ntawm tus qauv, cov suab zoo tib yam. Piv txwv li, A saum toj nruab nrab C hauv yim-kab lus suab yuav yog 440 Hz. | |
| 4′33″: n 4′33 ″ yog peb qho kev tawm suab los ntawm Asmeskas kev sim nkauj John Cage (1912–1992). Nws tau tsim hauv xyoo 1952, rau cov twj paj nruag los yog ua ke ntawm cov twj paj nruag, thiab cov qhab nia tau qhia cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis txhob ua lawv cov twj paj nruag thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm cov thooj thoob peb ntu. Cov thooj muaj lub suab ntawm cov ib puag ncig uas cov mloog mloog thaum nws ua, txawm hais tias feem ntau pom tau tias yog \ "plaub feeb peb-peb vib nas this ntawm ntsiag to \". Lub npe ntawm daim ntawv hais txog qhov ntev tag nrho hauv feeb thiab feeb ntawm qhov muab kev ua, 4′33 ′ yog qhov ntev tag nrho ntawm thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam. | |
| Rhodoxanthin: Rhodoxanthin yog xanthophyll xim nrog cov xim xaum xim uas pom nyob hauv cov khoom me me hauv ntau hom nroj tsuag suav nrog Taxus baccata thiab Lonicera morrowii . Nws kuj muaj nyob hauv plaub cov noog. Raws li cov khoom noj khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv nws yog siv rau hauv tus lej E naj npawb E161f uas yog xim zaub mov. Nws tsis pom zoo rau siv hauv EU lossis Asmeskas; txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom zoo hauv tebchaws Australia thiab New Zealand. | |
| Naringin: Naringin yog flavanone-7- O -glycoside nyob nruab nrab ntawm flavanone naringenin thiab lub disaccharide neohesperidose.nThe flavonoid naringin tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv ua kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txiv kab ntxwv qaub, qhov twg naringin yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo iab.Qhov kev lag luam txiv kab ntxwv qaub ua kua ntau lawm, cov enzyme naringinase tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov kev iab siab uas tsim los ntawm naringin. \ n Hauv tib neeg naringin yog metabolized rau aglycone naringenin los ntawm naringinase tam sim no nyob hauv plab. |  |
| Naringin: Naringin yog flavanone-7- O -glycoside nyob nruab nrab ntawm flavanone naringenin thiab lub disaccharide neohesperidose.nThe flavonoid naringin tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv ua kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txiv kab ntxwv qaub, qhov twg naringin yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo iab.Qhov kev lag luam txiv kab ntxwv qaub ua kua ntau lawm, cov enzyme naringinase tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov kev iab siab uas tsim los ntawm naringin. \ n Hauv tib neeg naringin yog metabolized rau aglycone naringenin los ntawm naringinase tam sim no nyob hauv plab. | |
| Genistein: Genistein (C 15 H 10 O 5 ) yog ib txwm muaj nyob hauv cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj txheej txheem yog ib pawg ntawm cov tebchaw hu ua isoflavones. Nws tau piav raws li tus kab mob angiogenesis inhibitor thiab phytoestrogen. |  |
| Tectoridin: Tectoridin yog ib qho isoflavone, yog ib hom flavonoid. Nws yog 7-glucoside ntawm tectorigenin thiab tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm paj ntawm Pueraria thunbergiana (Leguminosae). |  |
| Pachypodol: Pachypodol yog O-methylated flavonol, yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg lub cev sib xyaw. Nws tuaj yeem raug rho tawm los ntawm Pachypodanthium confine , los ntawm nplooj ntawm Agastache rugosa,, Latin denomination ntawm ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag: Agastache folium. |  |
| Sakuranetin: Sakuranetin yog flavan-on, 7-methoxy derivative ntawm naringenin, pom nyob rau hauv Polymnia fruticosa thiab mov, qhov twg nws ua raws li phytoalexin tiv thaiv spore germination ntawm Pyricularia oryzae . |  |
| Genkwanin: Genkwanin yog O-methylated flavone, ib hom ntawm flavonoid. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cov noob ntawm Alnus glutinosa , thiab cov nplooj ntawm ferns Notholaena bryopoda thiab Asplenium normale thiab Aquilaria . |  |
| Genkwanin: Genkwanin yog O-methylated flavone, ib hom ntawm flavonoid. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cov noob ntawm Alnus glutinosa , thiab cov nplooj ntawm ferns Notholaena bryopoda thiab Asplenium normale thiab Aquilaria . | |
| Prunetin: Prunetin yog O-methylated isoflavone, yog ib hom flavonoid. Nws tau cais rau thawj zaug los ntawm Finnemore hauv 1910 hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm Prunus emarginata . Prunetin cais tawm los ntawm pea cag tuaj yeem ua raws li kev nyiam ua rau Aphanomyces euteiches zoospores. Nws tseem yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau tib neeg lub siab aldehyde dehydrogenase. |  |
| DAPI: DAPI , lossis 4 ′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole , yog cov xim fluorescent stain uas khi zoo rau adenine-thymine-nplua nuj cheeb tsam hauv DNA. Nws siv dav hauv fluorescence microscopy. Raws li DAPI tuaj yeem hla dhau ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm lub cev ua kom tsis muaj zog, nws tuaj yeem siv rau ob qhov chaw nyob thiab lub hlwb tsis xwm yeem, txawm hais tias nws kis tau los ntawm daim nyias nyias tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ua neej thiab vim li ntawd muab qhov cim tseg rau daim nyias nyias. |  |
Thursday 3 June 2021
DAPI
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Adriano Castellesi
Adriano Munoz: Adriano Afonso Thiel Munoz yog tus neeg ncaws pob Brazilian uas tau sau tseg ntau tshaj plaws rau nws lub sijhawm hauv...
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