Alum

Physostigmine: Physostigmine yog ib qho muaj kuab lom zoo heev parasympathomimetic alkaloid, tshwj xeeb, ib chobesterase tsis sib haum. Nws tshwm sim ib txwm hauv Calabar taum thiab Manchineel ntoo.
Neostigmine: Neostigmine yog cov tshuaj siv los kho myasthenia gravis, Ogilvie syndrome, thiab tso zis cia kom tsis muaj mob txhaws. Nws kuj tseem siv ua ke nrog atropine kom xaus qhov teebmeem ntawm neuromuscular thaiv cov tshuaj ntawm qhov tsis-depolarizing hom. Nws muab tau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg ntshav, leeg, lossis hauv qab daim tawv. Tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj feem ntau zoo tshaj hauv 30 feeb thiab kav ntev txog 4 teev.
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate: Diisopropyl fluorophosphate ( DFP ) los yog Isoflurophate yog cov roj ua kua, tsis muaj kob uas muaj cov kua tshuaj C 6 H 14 FO 3 P. Nws yog siv tshuaj thiab ua tshuaj tua kab mob organophosphorus. Nws ruaj khov, tab sis raug yaug hydrolysis thaum raug ya raws.
Aceclidine: Aceclidine yog ib qho parasympathomimetic miotic tus neeg sawv cev siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub kaum sab xis nqaim siab. Nws txo qis hauv siab intraocular.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) yog cov tshuaj lom neeg organic uas ua haujlwm hauv lub hlwb thiab lub cev muaj ntau yam tsiaj ua lub neurotransmitter - cov lus qhia tshuaj uas tso tawm los ntawm cov hlab ntsha xa cov cim xa mus rau lwm lub hlwb, xws li neurons, cov leeg nqaij thiab lub qog. Nws lub npe tau los ntawm nws cov qauv hauv tshuaj: nws yog ib qho ester ntawm acetic acid thiab choline. Qhov chaw hauv lub cev uas siv lossis cuam tshuam los ntawm acetylcholine yog raug xa mus rau hauv cholinergic. Cov tshuaj uas ua kom nce lossis txo qis txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cholinergic yog hu ua cholinergics thiab anticholinergics, ntsig txog.
Paraoxon: Paraoxon yog parasympathomimetic uas ua raws li cholinesterase inhibitor. Nws yog cov organophosphate oxon, thiab lub active metabolite ntawm lub tshuaj tua kab parathion. Nws kuj tseem raug siv los ua cov tshuaj ophthalmological tawm tsam cov kab mob glaucoma. Paraoxon yog ib qho uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting tshuaj tua kab muaj, nyob ib ncig ntawm 70% raws li muaj zog raws li cov hlab ntsha sarin, thiab yog li tam sim no tsis tshua muaj siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lom rau tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj. Paraoxon tau siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los kawm txog kev mob hnyav thiab mob ntev ntawm organophosphate intoxication. Nws yog yooj yim nqus los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab raug liam siv los ua kev tua neeg los ntawm apartheid-era South African tshuaj riam phom txoj haujlwm Project Ntug dej hiav txwv.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Acetazolamide: Acetazolamide , muag nyob rau hauv cov npe lag luam Diamox ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho kho mob ntsej muag, mob vwm, mob nyhav, mob txha caj qaum, txhav txhaus , idiopathic intracranial kub siab, thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Tej zaum nws yuav siv ntev ntev rau kev kho mob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub sij hawm luv luv rau mob lub kaum ntse ntse kaw lub ntsej muag txog thaum kev phais mob tuaj yeem nqa tau. Nws yog noj ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav.
Diclofenamide: Diclofenamide yog sulfonamide thiab carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ntawm meta -disulfamoylbenzene chav kawm.
Dorzolamide: Dorzolamide , muag nyob rau hauv cov npe lag luam Trusopt ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho cov ntshav siab hauv lub qhov muag suav nrog lub ntsej muag pa roj. Nws yog siv raws li qhov muag poob. Qhov teebmeem pib tau hauv peb teev thiab kav mus yam tsawg yim teev. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob ua ke nrog dorzolamide / timolol.
Brinzolamide: Brinzolamide yog carbonic anhydrase inhibitor siv los txo qis ntawm cov ntshav siab rau cov neeg mob uas qhib lub caj pas glaucoma lossis ocular tawg.
Methazolamide: Methazolamide yog cov ua pa carbonic anhydrase muaj zog. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev mob siab intraocular (IOP) nyob rau hauv ntev qhib lub kaum sab glaucoma thiab glaucoma ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog siv preoperatively nyob rau hauv mob kaum sab xis-kaw (nqaim-lub kaum sab xis) glaucoma qhov twg qis IOP yog xav ua ntej kev phais mob.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Timolol: Timolol yog beta blocker cov tshuaj siv los ntawm qhov ncauj los yog ua kua muag. Raws li qhov muag dauv nws yog siv los kho kev muaj zog sab hauv hauv qhov muag xws li hauv ocular kub siab thiab mob caj pas. Los ntawm qhov ncauj nws yog siv rau kev mob ntshav siab, mob hauv siab vim tsis txaus ntshav txaus rau lub plawv, los tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ntxiv tom qab lub plawv nres, thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob mob yastaw.
Betaxolol: Betaxolol yog ib qho kev xaiv cov beta 1 receptor blocker siv los kho kev mob ntshav siab thiab mob ntsej muag. Xaiv rau beta 1 receptors, nws feem ntau muaj tsawg dua cov kab mob kev phiv ntau dua li tsis xaiv cov beta-blockers, piv txwv li, tsis ua rau bronchospasm raws li timolol yuav. Betaxolol tseem ua rau pom kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau beta 1 receptors dua li cov metoprolol. Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov nyhuv hauv lub siab, betaxolol txo lub siab hauv lub qhov muag. Cov nyhuv no yog xav tau los ntawm kev txo cov khoom tsim tawm hauv cov kua hauv lub qhov muag. Lub tshuab npliag ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tsis paub. Kev txo qis hauv kev tso siab ntawm qhov muag txhaws txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau qhov muag qhov muag thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev hauv cov neeg mob uas mob siab vim yog txhawm rau lub ntsej muag.
Levobunolol: Levobunolol yog ib qho kev xaiv tsis raug xaiv beta blocker. Nws yog siv saum toj kawg nkaus hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj kho qhov muag kom tswj tau qhov mob o ovstension thiab qhib lub ntsej muag daj ntseg.
Metipranolol: Metipranolol yog qhov tsis muaj rau xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siv hauv cov tshuaj pleev qhov muag los kho kho qog ntshav. Nws yog sai metabolized rau hauv desacetylmetipranolol.
Carteolol: Carteolol yog ib qho kev xaiv uas tsis yog kev xaiv beta blocker siv los kho kho qog ntshav .
Befunolol: Befunolol (INN) yog beta blocker uas muaj kev cuam tshuam sympathomimetic kev ua ub no siv nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm qhib lub teeb lub ntsej muag. Nws kuj ua raws li β adrenoreceptor ib nrab agonist. Befunolol tau nkag rau hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1983 los ntawm Kakenyaku Kako Co. hauv qab kev lag luam npe Bentos.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Latanoprost: Latanoprost , muag nyob hauv cov npe lag luam Xalatan ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho mob ntxiv hauv lub qhov muag. Qhov no suav nrog kub dhau ntawm ocular thiab qhib lub ntsej muag glaucoma. Nws tau thov raws li qhov muag tsoos rau qhov muag. Cov teeb meem ntawm qhov tshwm sim feem ntau hauv plaub teev, thiab lawv nyob ntev txog li ib hnub.
Unoprostone: Unoprostone (INN) yog ib qho prostaglandin analogue. Nws cov isopropyl ester, unoprostone isopropyl , tau muab cov khoom lag luam nyob hauv qab cov npe kev lag luam Rescula rau kev tswj hwm ntawm qhib-hauv qab lub ntsej muag thiab lub ntsej muag o.
Bimatoprost: Bimatoprost , muag nyob hauv kev lag luam npe Lumigan ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho mob siab hauv qhov muag suav nrog lub ntsej muag pa roj. Tshwj xeeb nws yog siv rau qhib lub ntsej muag daj ntseg thaum lwm tus neeg sawv cev tsis txaus. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua qhov loj me rau cov plaub muag. Nws siv raws li qhov muag poob thiab cov teebmeem feem ntau tshwm sim li ntawm plaub teev.
Travoprost: Travoprost , muag nyob rau hauv cov npe lag luam Travatan ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los kho mob siab hauv qhov muag suav nrog lub ntsej muag pa roj. Tshwj xeeb nws yog siv rau qhib lub ntsej muag daj ntseg thaum lwm tus neeg sawv cev tsis txaus. Nws yog siv raws li qhov muag poob. Cov teebmeem feem ntau tshwm sim li ntawm ob teev.
Tafluprost: Tafluprost yog tshuaj pleev prostaglandin. Nws yog siv saum toj kawg nkaus los tswj cov kev nce ntawm qhib lub ntsej muag siab lub ntsej muag thiab hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm ocular hypertension, ib leeg lossis ua ke nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Nws txo cov ntshav siab los ntawm kev nce siab ntawm cov kua dej aqueous los ntawm qhov muag.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Guanethidine: Guanethidine yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas txo qis kev tso tawm ntawm catecholamines, xws li norepinephrine. Guanethidine thauj mus los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov khoom puas siab ntsws los ntawm tib lub tshuab uas thauj norepinephrine nws tus kheej, thiab kev coj tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua yeeb tshuaj. Thaum cov tshuaj guanethidine tau nkag mus rau txoj hlab ntaws, nws muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov khoom xa khoom pauj, qhov twg nws hloov norepinephrine. Nws tseem yuav txwv tsis pub tso tawm cov granules los ntawm kev txo qis norepinephrine.
Dapiprazole: Dapiprazole ( Rev-Ob lub qhov muag ) yog alpha blocker. Nws siv los thim rov qab mydriasis tom qab kev kuaj qhov muag.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Atropine: Atropine yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob tropane alkaloid thiab anticholinergic siv los kho qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob rau qee yam xws li lub plawv dhia qeeb, thiab kom txo lub qaub ncaug ntau lawm thaum phais mob. Nws ib txwm tso rau ntawm txoj leeg ntshav los yog los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg. Qhov muag tso zis kuj tseem muaj uas siv los kho uveitis thiab amblyopia thaum ntxov. Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm rau cov tshuaj feem ntau pib ua haujlwm hauv ib feeb thiab kav ntev li ib nrab teev mus rau ib teev Yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj ntau dua los siv qee cov tshuaj lom.
Scopolamine: Scopolamine , tseem hu ua hyoscine , lossis Ntxwg Nyoog cov pa , yog lub ntuj lossis synthetically tsim tropane alkaloid thiab tshuaj anticholinergic uas tau siv los ua tshuaj rau kev kho mob ua kom muaj mob thiab kev xav tom qab thiab ntuav thiab ntuav. Nws kuj tseem siv qee zaum ua ntej kev phais mob kom txo tau cov qaub ncaug. Thaum siv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, cov teebmeem pib tom qab txog 20 feeb thiab kav ntev txog li 8 teev. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los siv ntawm ncauj thiab ua rau kis transdermal. Nws muaj nyob hauv Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Npe rau Cov Tshuaj Tseem Ceeb.
Methylscopolamine bromide: Methylscopolamine lossis methscopolamine , feem ntau yog muab los ntawm bromide lossis nitrate ntsev, yog cov tshuaj noj qhov ncauj siv nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj los kho cov mob rwj los ntawm kev txo lub plab cov kua qaub. Proton twj tso kua mis inhibitors thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antihistamine tau ua rau qhov kev siv no dhau los. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau mob plab lossis plab hnyuv, kom txo qis ua kom muaj qaub ncaug, thiab kho kev mob. Methscopolamine kuj tseem siv los ua tus ziab qhuav, kom qhuav tom qab lub qhov ntswg, nrog rau mob khaub thuas, khaus plab hnyuv tawm tsam thiab kev fab tshuaj
Cyclopentolate: Cyclopentolate yog tshuaj tua kabmob muscarinic. Nws feem ntau siv los ua qhov muag poob thaum kev ntsuam xyuas qhov muag pob txha rau qhov muag kom pom qhov muag (mydriatic) thiab tiv thaiv lub qhov muag tsis pom kev / haum (mob rau hauv). Cyclopentolate lossis atropine kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom rov qab muscarinic thiab hauv nruab nrab cov hlab ntsha cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tswj hwm cholinomimetic (anti-AChase).
Homatropine: Homatropine yog ib qho tshuaj anticholinergic uas yog tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm muscarinic acetylcholine receptors thiab yog li cov kab mob parasympathetic rau lub cev. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov muag dauv zoo li cycloplegic, thiab raws li mydriatic.
Tropicamide: Tropicamide , muag nyob hauv cov lag luam muaj npe Mydriacyl ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los pab tshuaj rau ntawm tus menyuam thiab pab soj ntsuam qhov muag. Tshwj xeeb nws yog siv los pab tshawb qhov nrawm nraub qaum. Nws yog thov raws li qhov muag tee. Cov teebmeem tshwm sim hauv 40 feeb thiab kav ntev txog li ib hnub.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Phenylephrine: Phenylephrine yog cov tshuaj siv feem ntau siv los ua decongestant, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, nce ntshav siab, thiab daws cov hemorrhoids. Thaum lub sijhawm ua lag luam raws li qhov txiav txim siab, noj ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm cov koob pom zoo nws yog qhov tsis paub meej txog kev ua npaws. Nws tuaj yeem noj ntawm qhov ncauj, raws li qhov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg, muab los ntawm txhaj tshuaj rau hauv txoj leeg lossis leeg, lossis thov rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Ephedrine: Ephedrine ua tshuaj thiab kho mob. Nws feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv cov ntshav qis thaum tus txha caj qaum tsis nco qab. Nws kuj tau siv rau kev mob hawb pob, narcolepsy, thiab kev rog rog tab sis tsis yog qhov kev kho mob zoo. Nws yog qhov tsis meej meej cov txiaj ntsig hauv qhov ntswg congestion. Nws tuaj yeem noj ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg, leeg ntshav, lossis hauv qab daim tawv. Kev tawm sab nraud nrog kev siv qhov quav yog qhov nrawm, thaum txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg yuav siv 20 feeb, thiab qhov ncauj tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ib teev. Thaum muab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nws yuav siv li ib teev thiab thaum noj ntawm qhov ncauj nws tuaj yeem ntev txog plaub teev.
Ibopamine: Ibopamine yog ib yam tshuaj sympathomimetic, tsim los ua cov prodrug ntawm epinine, siv hauv ophthalmology. Nws tsim muaj mydriasis. Nws tseem tau tshawb fawb txog kev siv rau kev kho mob hauv lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm lawm.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Naphazoline: Naphazoline yog tshuaj uas siv los ua decongestant. Nws yog ib tus neeg sawv cev sympathomimetic nrog cim alpha adrenergic kev ua si. Nws yog vasoconstrictor nrog kev ua nrawm hauv kev txo qhov hnoos qeev thaum ua ntawv thov rau cov qog ua kua. Nws ua rau alpha-receptors nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub qhov muag txhawm rau tsim tawm tsam, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum.
Tetryzoline: Tetryzoline yog yeeb tshuaj uas siv hauv qee qhov muag tshuaj hnoos qhov muag thiab tshuaj txau qhov ntswg.
Xylometazoline: Xylometazoline , kuj tseem sau xylomethazoline , yog cov tshuaj siv los txo cov tsos mob hauv qhov ntswg txhaws ntswg, kev phiv tshuaj rhinitis, thiab mob ntsws. Kev siv tsis pom zoo rau ntau dua xya hnub. Kev siv kuj tseem tsis pom zoo rau cov uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua peb lub hlis thiab qee qhov hais tias tsis qis dua 6 xyoo. Nws yog siv ncaj qha hauv lub qhov ntswg ua tshuaj tsuag lossis dej poob.
Oxymetazoline: Oxymetazoline , ib qho imidazole derivative, yog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj zog, siv hauv hom oxymetazoline hydrochloride. Nws tau tsim los ntawm xylometazoline ntawm E. Merck Darmstadt los ntawm Wolfgang Fruhstorfer thiab Helmut Müller-Calgan xyoo 1961. Oxymetazoline feem ntau muaj raws li cov tshuaj txau ntswg. Kev ncaj qha sympathomimetic, Oxymetazoline khi rau ad 1 adrenergic receptors thiab ad 2 adrenergic receptors , feem ntau tshwj xeeb. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau muab nws tso raws li hauv qab no: α (2A)> α (1A) ≥ α (2B)> α (1D) ≥ α (2C) >> α (1B), tab sis qhov no tsis tau pom zoo rau hauv ntiaj teb. Muaj qhov sib txawv me me thoob plaws ntau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb hauv-vitro nrog rau kev sib khi sib raug zoo / xaiv.
Phenylephrine: Phenylephrine yog cov tshuaj siv feem ntau siv los ua decongestant, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, nce ntshav siab, thiab daws cov hemorrhoids. Thaum lub sijhawm ua lag luam raws li qhov txiav txim siab, noj ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm cov koob pom zoo nws yog qhov tsis paub meej txog kev ua npaws. Nws tuaj yeem noj ntawm qhov ncauj, raws li qhov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg, muab los ntawm txhaj tshuaj rau hauv txoj leeg lossis leeg, lossis thov rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Synephrine: Synephrine , lossis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, p -synephrine , yog ib qho alkaloid, tshwm sim ib txwm muaj hauv qee cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pom zoo cov khoom lag luam raws li nws cov m -substituted analog raug hu ua neo-synephrine. p -Synephrine thiab m -synephrine paub txog lawv cov teebmeem ntev dua adrenergic piv rau epinephrine thiab norepinephrine. Qhov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov ntau ntau hauv cov khoom noj uas nquag xws li kua txiv kab ntxwv thiab lwm cov khoom txiv kab ntxwv, ob qho tib si ntawm cov "qab zib \" thiab \ "iab iab \" ntau yam. Qhov kev npaj tau siv nyob rau hauv Suav cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj ( TCM ), tseem hu ua Zhi Shi, yog qhov tsis paub qab hau thiab qhuav cov txiv kab ntxwv tag nrho los ntawm Citrus aurantium . Cov khoom siv ntawm tib cov khoom siv los yog ntxuav synephrine tseem muaj muag hauv Asmeskas, qee zaum ua ke nrog caffeine, ua cov yuag poob-txhawb kev noj zaub mov ntxiv rau qhov ncauj noj. Thaum cov kev npaj ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv txhiab xyoo los ua ib feem ntawm TCM-cov qauv, synephrine nws tus kheej tsis yog kev pom zoo OTC tshuaj. Raws li lub chaw muag tshuaj, m -synephrine (phenylephrine) tseem siv tau los ua sympathomimetic, feem ntau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau kev kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev xws li poob siab, thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov ncauj rau kev kho mob bronchial cuam tshuam nrog hawb pob thiab hay-kub taub hau.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Cromoglicic acid: Cromoglicic acid (INN) - tseem hu ua cromolyn (USAN), cromoglycate , lossis cromoglicate - yog ib txwm piav raws li mast cell stabilizer, thiab nquag ua lag luam raws li cov ntsev ntsev sodium cromoglicate lossis cromolyn sodium . Cov tshuaj no tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li histamine los ntawm mast hlwb.
Levocabastine: Levocabastine (lub npe lag luam Livostin lossis Livocab, nyob ntawm thaj av ntawd) yog xaiv tus neeg thib ob H 1 receptor antagonist uas tau pom ntawm Janssen Pharmaceutica xyoo 1979. Nws yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv mob ua xua.
N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid: N -Acetylaspartylglutamic acid yog peptide neurotransmitter thiab tus thib peb-feem ntau ntawm cov neurotransmitter hauv cov leeg hlwb. NAAG muaj N -acetylaspartic acid (NAA) thiab glutamic acid ua ke los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus peptide.
Nedocromil: Nedocromil sodium yog cov tshuaj suav hais tias yog mast cell stabilizer uas ua los tiv thaiv hawb pob, ua pa luv, thiab lwm yam teeb meem ua pa los ntawm hawb pob. Nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov tshuaj txau tso rau hauv cov tshuaj uas nrov npe Tilade , thiab raws li qhov muag poob hauv qab hom npe Alocril . Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nedocromil tiv thaiv kev mob hawb pob yog maj mam hloov dua li kev ua haujlwm sai thiab nws tsis yog qhov mob ua rau muaj mob ua pa nyuaj piv rau cov yeeb yam sai ua rau bronchodilators zoo li albuterol lossis lwm yam tshuaj zoo mob tshuaj lom). Kev npaj ua kua ntawm nedocromil muaj nyob rau hauv UK raws li lub npe Rapitil rau siv rau kev ua xua ntawm qhov muag. Nedocromil sodium tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj ua ke.
Lodoxamide: Lodoxamide yog ib qho tshuaj kho mob antiallergic. Nws yog kev lag luam hauv qab kab xwm txheej Alomide hauv tebchaws Askiv. Zoo li cromoglicic acid nws ua raws li mast cell stabilizer. Hauv xyoo 2014 lodoxamide thiab bufrolin tau pom tias yog cov muaj peev xwm ntawm agonists ntawm G protein-coupled receptor 35, tus menyuam ntsuag receptor ntseeg tias yuav ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem mob, mob thiab txhim kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Emedastine: Emedastine (lub npe lag luam Emadine ) yog koob tshuaj antihistamine thib ob thaum siv coj los tso rau qhov muag kom txo tau cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj. Nws ua raws li H 1 receptor antagonist . Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm kev thaiv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm histamine uas ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub difumarate. nThe emedastine difumarate yog xim dawb, khoom ci, dej-soluble nplua hmoov. Kev pleev tshuaj rau lub qhov muag feem ntau yog thov ib hnub ob zaug rau lub qhov muag cuam tshuam. Thaum cov neeg mob ua xua nrog kev kho mob tau kho nrog 0.05% emedastine difumarate ophthalmic solution rau 6 lub lis piam, cov cim thiab tsos mob xws li liab liab, khaus thiab o ntawm lub qhov muag tau zoo siab. Emedastine zoo li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm adrenergic, dopaminergic thiab serotonin receptors. Cov tshuaj no tau tsim los ntawm Alcon, uas yog tuam txhab kev kho mob thoob ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom lag luam kho qhov muag.
Azelastine: Azelastine , muag nyob rau hauv hom muaj npe Optivar ntawm lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj feem ntau siv los tshuaj txau qhov ntswg los kho kev ua xua thiab ua kom qhov muag ua rau mob ua paug. Lwm txoj kev siv yuav suav nrog hawb pob thiab ua pob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas qhov ncauj tau noj. Cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev yog nyob rau hauv feeb thaum siv nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab hauv ib teev thaum siv hauv qhov ntswg. Cov teebmeem no kav ntev txog 12 teev.
Ketotifen: Ketotifen , muag nyob rau hauv hom tshuaj Zaditor ntawm lwm tus, yog lub cim thib ob tsis sib xws H 1 -antihistamine thiab mast cell stabilizer. Nws yog feem ntau muag raws li ntsev nrog fumaric acid, ketotifen fumarate , thiab muaj nyob hauv ob daim ntawv. Hauv nws daim ntawv ophthalmic, nws yog siv los kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua xua. Hauv nws qhov ncauj, nws yog siv los tiv thaiv kev mob hawb pob lossis anaphylaxis, nrog rau ntau lub mast cell, ua xua-hom kev tsis haum.
Olopatadine: Olopatadine , muag nyob hauv hom tshuaj uas muaj lub npe hu ua Opatanol nrog lwm tus, yog cov tshuaj siv los txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj thiab ua xua rhinitis. Nws yog siv raws li qhov muag tshuaj pleev los yog siv tshuaj txau qhov ntswg. Qhov muag poob qis feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tsis pub dhau ib nrab ib teev.
Epinastine: Epinastine (hom tshuaj npe hu ua Alesion , Elestat , Purivist , Relestat ) yog tshuaj tiv thaiv antihistamine thiab mast cell stabilizer uas tau siv rau hauv cov qhov muag pom kev kho mob ua xua. Nws yog tsim los ntawm Allergan thiab ua lag luam los ntawm Inspire hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas. Nws yog qhov xaiv tau rau H 1 receptor thiab tsis hla cov ntshav-hlwb-teeb meem.
Alcaftadine: Alcaftadine yog siv los tiv thaiv qhov muag ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev ua xua pob hauv lub cev. Nws yog H1 histamine receptor antagonist.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Cocaine: Cocaine yog ib qho tropane alkaloid thiab cov tshuaj ua kom tau txais feem ntau los ntawm nplooj ntawm ob hom coca, Erythroxylum coca thiab Erythroxylum novogranatense . Nws yog feem ntau siv los ua kev ua si lom zem thiab zoo nkauj. Tom qab rho tawm los ntawm nplooj coca, cocaine yuav tsum tau hnia, rhuab kom txog thaum sublimated thiab tom qab ntawd nqus pa, lossis yaj thiab txhaj rau txoj leeg. Kev puas siab puas ntsws tej zaum yuav suav nrog kev xav zoo siab, kev sib deev, tsis sib chwv nrog kev muaj tiag, lossis ntxhov siab. Cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev yuav suav nrog lub plawv dhia nrawm, tawm hws, thiab cov tub kawm ua kom qeeb. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntau yuav ua rau muaj ntshav siab lossis kub lub cev. Cov nyhuv pib li hauv vib nas this mus rau feeb ntawm kev siv thiab kav ntev li ntawm tsib thiab cuaj caum feeb.
Oxybuprocaine: Oxybuprocaine (INN), tseem hu ua benoxinate lossis BNX , yog ester-hom tshuaj loog hauv zos, uas yog siv tshwj xeeb hauv ophthalmology thiab otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine yog muag los ntawm Novartis hauv cov npe khoom lag luam Novesine lossis Novesin .
Tetracaine: Tetracaine , tseem hu ua amethocaine , yog tus ester tshuaj loog hauv zos siv los loog ob lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg, lossis caj pas. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau daim tawv nqaij ua ntej pib qhov tso ntshav (txhaj) kom txo qis mob los ntawm cov txheej txheem. Feem ntau nws tau thov ua kua dej rau thaj chaw. Tshaj tawm ntawm cov teebmeem thaum siv hauv qhov muag yog hauv 30 vib nas this thiab kav ntev dua 15 feeb.
Proxymetacaine: Proxymetacaine (INN) lossis proparacaine (USAN) yog ib qho tshuaj loog ntawm cov tshuaj aminoest.
Procaine: Procaine yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv zos ntawm cov amino ester pawg. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev kho hniav kom loog thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm tus hniav thiab tseem siv los txo qhov mob ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau ntawm penicillin. Muaj feem ntawm qhov ubiquity ntawm lub lag luam npe Novocain , hauv qee thaj tsam, procaine raug xa mus rau qhov muaj npe hu ua novocaine . Nws ua feem ntau yog ua sodium sodium blocker. Niaj hnub no nws tau siv kho nyob rau hauv qee lub teb chaws vim nws cov sympatholytic, tiv thaiv kev mob, ua kom zoo-ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab mus ob peb vas-txhim kho.
Cinchocaine: Cinchocaine (INN / BAN) lossis dibucaine (USAN) yog ib qho tshuaj loog hauv lub zos. Ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws thiab lom ntawm cov tshuaj loog hauv zos ntev, kev siv tam sim ntawm cinchocaine feem ntau txwv rau txha nqaj qaum thiab mob caj dab. Nws tau muag hauv qab hom npe Cincain , Nupercainal , Nupercaine thiab Sovcaine .
Lidocaine: Lidocaine , tseem hu ua lignocaine thiab muag hauv qab hom npe Xylocaine ntawm lwm tus, yog lub zos tshuaj loog ntawm cov amino amide hom. Nws kuj yog siv los kho ventricular tachycardia. Thaum siv rau cov tshuaj loog hauv zos lossis hauv cov hlab hlwb, lidocaine feem ntau pib ua haujlwm li ob peb feeb thiab kav ntev li ib nrab teev txog peb teev. Cov tshuaj lidocaine kuj tseem siv tau rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov qog ua kua rau loog thaj chaw. Nws feem ntau siv sib xyaw nrog ib qho me me ntawm adrenaline (epinephrine) kom ncua ntev nws cov teebmeem hauv zos thiab kom txo qis los ntshav.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Fluorescein: Fluorescein yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab zas xim. Nws muaj raws li tsaus txiv kab ntxwv / liab hmoov me ntsis soluble hauv dej thiab dej cawv. Nws yog dav siv raws li fluorescent tracer rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
Rose bengal: Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2 ', 4', 5 ', 7'-tetraiodofluorescein) yog cov stain. Rose bengal belongs rau chav kawm ntawm cov organic sib txuas hu ua xanthenes. Nws cov ntsev ntsev feem ntau siv rau hauv cov qhov muag ua rau puas qhov cuam tshuam thiab mob pob qij txha thiab ua rau pom qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag. Lub stain tseem tseem siv rau hauv kev npaj ntawm Foraminifera rau kev tsom xam tsom, tsom rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv uas muaj sia lossis tuag thaum lub sijhawm sau.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Hyaluronic acid: Hyaluronic acid , tseem hu ua hyaluronan , yog ib qho tshuaj anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan faib dav thoob plaws kev sib txuas, epithelial, thiab cov nqaij mos neural. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm glycosaminoglycans raws li nws tsis yog-sulfated, cov ntaub ntawv hauv plasma daim nyias hloov ntawm Golgi apparatus, thiab tuaj yeem yog qhov loj heev: tib neeg synovial HA nruab nrab kwv yees li 7 lab Da ib lub qauv, lossis txog 20,000 disaccharide monomers, thaum lwm qhov chaw hais txog. 3-4 lab Da.
Hypromellose: Hypromellose (INN), luv rau hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ( HPMC ), yog semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer siv los ua qhov muag, thiab ntxiv rau kev nthuav dav thiab tswj-tivthaiv hauv tshuaj noj ntawm qhov ncauj, pom nyob rau hauv ntau cov khoom lag luam.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Chymotrypsin: Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1 , chymotrypsins A thiab B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) yog cov kua txob ua pa ntawm cov kua roj Kev ua yeeb yam hauv duodenum, qhov twg nws ua proteolysis, kev tawg ntawm cov protein thiab polypeptides. Chymotrypsin nyiam dua cleaves peptide amide bonds qhov twg txoj hlua sib txuas ntawm cov amino acid N-davhlau ya nyob rau scissile amide daim ntawv cog lus (txoj haujlwm P 1 ) yog qhov loj hydrophobic amino acid (tyrosine, tryptophan, thiab phenylalanine). Cov amino acids muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab nyob hauv lawv cov hlua sab nraud uas haum rau hauv hnab tshos hydrophobic (txoj haujlwm S 1 ) ntawm cov enzyme. Nws nquag thaum ua haujlwm ntawm simpsin. Lub hydrophobic thiab cov duab ua kom tiav los ntawm peptide substrate P 1 sab saw hlau thiab cov enzyme S 1 kab noj hniav ruaj rau qhov tshwj xeeb txheej ntawm qhov enzyme. Chymotrypsin tseem hydrolyzes lwm cov nyiaj npaws hauv peptides ntawm tus nqi qeeb, tshwj xeeb yog cov muaj leucine thiab methionine ntawm P 1 txoj hauj lwm.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Verteporfin: Verteporfin , benzoporphyrin derivative, yog cov tshuaj siv los ua cov tshuaj pleev rau kev kho duab kom tshem tawm cov leeg ntshav hauv lub qhov muag cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej xws li ntub daim ntawv ntawm macular degeneration. Verteporfin accumulates nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha txawv txav thiab, thaum tsim los ntawm nonthermal liab lub teeb nrog nthwv dej ntawm 689 nm nyob rau hauv muaj cov pa oxygen, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam luv luv ntawm singlet oxygen thiab lwm cov pa oxygen reactive, ua rau lub zos puas rau endothelium thiab txhaws. ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Anecortave acetate: Anecortave (rINN) yog qhov tshiab angiogenesis inhibitor siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm exudative (ntub) daim ntawv ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration. Txawm hais tias zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv tshuaj mus rau corticosteroid hydrocortisone acetate, nws muaj tsis muaj kev ua si glucocorticoid. Yog tias nws tau pom zoo, nws yuav raug kev ua lag luam los ntawm Alcon ua anecortave acetate rau kev rho tawm cov khoom lag luam tawm hauv qab cov npe npe Retaane . Tsis muaj kev qhia paub txog txij thaum 2010 los lawm.
Pegaptanib: Pegaptanib sodium txhaj tshuaj yog tshuaj los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev kho mob neovascular (ntub) hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration (AMD). Nws tau tshawb pom los ntawm NeXstar Pharmaceuticals thiab tau ntawv tso cai hauv 2000 rau EyeTech Pharmaceuticals, tam sim no OSI Pharmaceuticals, rau kev txhim kho theem tom qab thiab kev ua lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Gilead Science txuas ntxiv kom tau txais kev cai lij choj los ntawm cov ntawv tso cai tshuaj. Sab nraum Asmeskas pegaptanib yog kev lag luam los ntawm Pfizer. Kev pom zoo tau tso cai los ntawm Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2004.
Ranibizumab: Ranibizumab yog ib qho monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab) tsim los ntawm tib lub niam txiv nas tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob li bevacizumab. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob hlwb uas tau pom zoo los kho "ntub \" hom hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration, mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy, thiab macular edema vim ceg ceg retinal vein occlusion lossis central retinal vein occlusion.
Aflibercept: Aflibercept , muag nyob hauv cov npe lag luam Eylea thiab Zaltrap , yog cov tshuaj siv los kho ntub dej macular degeneration thiab mob nqaij hlav ua paug txha caj qaum. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Regeneron Pharmaceuticals thiab tau pom zoo hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab European Union.
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
ATC code S01: ATC code S01 Kev Kho Mob Ophthalmologicals yog ib qho kev kho mob sib cais ntawm Anatomical Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Hauv Tshuaj, cov kab ke ntawm cov cim alphanumeric tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev faib tawm cov tshuaj thiab lwm cov khoom kho mob. Pawg S01 yog ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg anatomical S Sensory kabmob .
Guaiazulene: Guaiazulene , kuj yog azulon lossis 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene , yog cov xim xiav tsaus nti siv lead ua hydrocarbon. Qhov tsim los ntawm azulene, guaiazulene yog bicyclic sesquiterpene uas yog cov khoom siv ntawm qee cov roj tseem ceeb, feem ntau cov roj ntawm guaiac thiab chamomile roj, uas tseem ua nws cov haujlwm coj mus muag. Ntau cov mos mos ua kom zoo nkauj kuj muaj guaiazulene los ua cov xim tseem ceeb. Nws lub ntsiab lus melting ua rau guaiazulene tsis yooj yim los lis, hauv kev sib piv rau lub teeb ci ntawm tus niam txiv azulene. Tus qauv hluav taws xob ntawm guaiazulene thiab azulene zoo heev.
Retinol: Retinol , tseem hu ua vitamin A 1 , yog cov tshuaj vitamin hauv tsev neeg muaj vitamin A nyob hauv cov zaub mov thiab siv los ua zaub mov noj. Raws li ib qho ntxiv nws tau noj los kho thiab tiv thaiv cov vitamin A tsis txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas ua rau xerophthalmia. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov tsis txaus, yuav tsum tau txhaj ib koob rau cov uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ob zaug nyob hauv ib xyoos. Nws kuj tseem siv los txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem hauv cov neeg muaj mob qhua pias. Nws siv los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj rau hauv cov leeg.
Potassium iodide: Potassium iodide yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg, muab tshuaj, thiab ntxiv kev noj haus. Raws li cov tshuaj nws yog siv los kho hyperthyroidism, hauv kev tshaj tawm hluav taws xob, thiab tiv thaiv cov thyroid caj pas thaum qee yam mob radiopharmaceuticals siv. Hauv kev tsim kho hauv lub ntiaj teb nws tseem siv los kho daim tawv nqaij sporotrichosis thiab phycomycosis. Raws li ib qho ntxiv nws yog siv rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj iodine tsawg hauv kev noj haus. Nws yog muab los ntawm qhov ncauj.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( EDTA ) yog aminopolycarboxylic acid nrog cov tshuaj [CH 2 N (CH 2 CO 2 H) 2 ] 2 . Cov xim dawb, dej-soluble khoom tau dav siv los khi rau hlau thiab calcium ions. Nws khi cov ions no ua ib tus neeg sawv cev chelating ("rau-toothed \"). EDTA yog tsim tawm raws li ob peb cov ntsev, tsis pom zoo disodium EDTA , sodium calcium edetate, thiab tetrasodium EDTA.
Ethylmorphine: Ethylmorphine yog opioid analgesic thiab antitussive.
Alum: Lub alum yog ib hom tshuaj sib txuas, feem ntau yog hydrated ob chav sulfate ntsev ntawm txhuas nrog cov qauv tshuaj X Al (SO) 4 ) 4 ) 2 · 12H 2 O , qhov twg X yog ntawv ci ntsig tawm xws li poov tshuaj lossis ammonium. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, \ "alum \" feem ntau hais txog cov poov tshuaj alum, nrog cov mis KAl (SO 4 ) 4 ) 2 · 12H 2 O. Lwm alums muaj npe tom qab monovalent ion, xws li sodium alum thiab ammonium alum.